A nanoscale atlas of extracellular vesicles and particles in Drosophila olfactory sensilla biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Extracellular particles, including non-vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are emerging as key contributors to
PAD2 knockout reduces myelin protein aggregates, modulates neuroinflammation and protects motor neurons, axons and neuromuscular junction in a SOD1-ALS mouse model biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Background: Dysregulated peptidyl deiminase 2 (PAD2) and aberrant protein citrullination (PC), a posttranslational modification (PTM), are involved in
From eye anatomy to navigation: a biologically accurate model of bees polarisation vision biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Skylight polarisation patterns provide a critical navigational cue for many insects.
Single-nucleoid imaging in whole cells defines the dynamics of the mtDNA life cycle biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is essential for oxidative phosphorylation, and mammalian cells typically contain hundreds or thousands of copies.
Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Stops Replication Restart by Degrading the RNA within R-loops during Replication-Transcription Conflicts biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 DNA replication and transcription machineries function simultaneously, on the same template, leading to conflicts between the two.
MAGI: Mechanistic Consequences of Genetic Variants via Genomic Foundation Models biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Clinical variant interpretation requires mechanism-aware evidence to guide diagnosis and clarify the biological consequences of mutations.
EZH2 Serine 21 Phosphorylation Restrains Compact-State PRC2 Activation and H3K27me3 Propagation biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) propagates H3K27me3 through EED-dependent allosteric activation, yet how cells modulate the magnitude of this pos
Argininosuccinate Synthase 1 links hepatic urea cycle to whole body lipid metabolism biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 The hepatic urea cycle is consistently suppressed in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but whether loss of individual enzymes contribu
Mono-ADP-ribosylation-driven immunosuppression and cross-resistance to therapy through cancer cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) is emerging as an important regulator of anti-cancer immunity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME).
Protein-state dysregulation and sex-specific neurodevelopmental signatures in schizophrenia forebrain organoids biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Schizophrenia is highly heritable, yet the molecular mechanisms linking genetic risk to abnormal human brain development remain poorly understood.
Astrocytic μ-δ opioid receptor heterodimers mediate the antidepressant effects of ketamine's metabolite biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 A deeper understanding of the targets and mechanisms of fast-acting antidepressants, exemplified by ketamine, remains indispensable for better therape
The structural basis for LRRK2's activation and autoinhibition biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Mutations in Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the second most common cause of autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease (PD), and increased LRRK2
Unravelling the role of a disordered chaperone in adaptation to environmental stress biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) lack a stable tertiary structure, which enables them to mediate flexible molecular interactions.
Stress adaptation of free-living microbes generates novel benefits to plant hosts biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Most microbes that live in or on hosts are not obligate symbionts.
Discovery of BilV reveals a multienzymatic basis for bilirubin reduction across vertebrate gut microbiomes biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Gut bacteria reduce bilirubin to urobilinogen, allowing it to be excreted through feces and urine, but studies have long noted a heterogeneous mixture
Reduced Myocardial Serine Synthesis Impairs Functional, Metabolic, and Redox Adaptations to Cardiac Stress biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Background: Impaired myocardial metabolism is a defining feature of heart failure, but many defective pathways and mechanisms remain to be identified.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Black-Footed Cat: Insights into Felis's Deadliest Predator biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Background Black-footed cats (Felis nigripes) are one of Africa's least studied felines.
Molecular characterization of spiny lobsters from the Saint Martins Island, Bangladesh: a new record of Panulirus longipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868) biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 In Bangladesh, spiny lobsters are vital to the economy as a key export.
Sex and Alternative Splicing in Disease: a meta-analytic approach to identify interactions biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 How cell type, sex and disease interact and affect gene expression and splicing is an important, but complicated question.
Unraveling the Mechanism of HIV-1 Hypersusceptibility to Tenofovir Imparted by Islatravir Resistance Mutations biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 In response to the newly approved antiretroviral therapy (ART) islatravir (ISL), the M184V and A114S resistance mutations have emerged in the human im
Active Nuclear Shuttling Enables Efficient Virus-Free CAR Gene Integration Using Ready-to-Use Lipid Nanoparticles biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Non-viral engineering of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR -T) cells is highly desirable to overcome the cost, safety, and scalability limitations asso
Directional bone matrix mineralization in the CAM assay is governed by vascular integration and matrix remodeling biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Bone matrix mineralization plays an important role in maintaining bone health but is a highly dynamic process for which few physiologically relevant m
High-avidity TCR signaling induces a distinct KLR-positive exhaustion state in human tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells associated with immunotherapy response biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Tumor-specific exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex) adopt diverse phenotypes across human cancers, but the drivers of this heterogeneity remain poorly understo
Molecular pet or parasite? Exploring selection for vertical and horizontal plasmid transfer biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Understanding the environmental conditions that drive selection for increased horizontal plasmid transfer is crucial for predicting the spread of plas
Bacillus subtilis YpeB holds SleB inactive preventing cortex peptidoglycan degradation during spore dormancy biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Bacterial endospores are encased in a thick layer of specialized peptidoglycan called the cortex that is essential for core dehydration and heat resis
Differential Sensitivity of HSV-1 and PRV to IFN-{lambda} Reveals a Neuron-Specific Antiviral Role for RSAD2 biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Alpha herpesviruses (-HV) initially infect mucosal epithelial cells and subsequently establish lifelong latency in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Macrocyclic Peptide Tools for Huntingtin-bound HAP40 biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Huntington's disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a cytosine-adenosine-guanine repeat in exon 1 of the Huntingtin (HTT
Role of transposons in the specialization of Botrytis cinerea to grapevine: Insights into small RNAs and a new Starship biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 While transposable elements (TEs) are recognized as major drivers of fungal genome structure, evidence of their direct involvement in the interaction
Sequential multimodal sensory integration drives foraging decisions in leaf-cutting ants: Volatiles, contact cues and phytochemistry biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Identifying the sensory cues that enable insects to find host plants, and understanding the neurobiology underlying their selection, provide solid fou
Fetal MRI reveals altered prenatal cortical surface area in fetuses later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasingly conceptualized as a condition rooted in altered prenatal neurodevelopment, yet in vivo evidence from fe
Multi-omics analysis reveals chromatin and transcriptomic remodeling in hippocampal CA1 following adolescent social isolation biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Social isolation (SI) during adolescence is associated with long-term vulnerability to psychiatric disorders; however, its effect on the hippocampal e
Efficient neural encoding of time intervals in speech and complex sound sequences biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Encoding time intervals in complex sound faces dual challenges: it must be precise and cover a broad dynamic range.
Repetition Selectively Reconfigures Offset-Defined Temporal Integration in Auditory Cortex biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Auditory perception requires integrating sound over time, but whether cortical integration windows are fixed or adaptively shaped by recent sensory hi
A critical role for the murine anterior insula in male social avoidance after early life maltreatment. biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Maltreatment in children and adolescents poses a major public health crisis as a primary factor for the development of adult psychiatric disorders.
Causal inference clarifies the roles of background selection and mutation rate variation in shaping human genetic diversity biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Decades of theoretical and empirical work have struggled to reconcile competing views on how evolution shapes patterns of genetic variation.
A red-emitting, genetically encoded indicator for two-photon voltage recording in vivo biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable minimally invasive, cell-type-specific optical measurements of neuronal membrane potential with
Structural Directional Brain Behavior Asymmetry Across Cortical and Non-Cortical Regions biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 A substantial body of research suggests that the left and right cerebral hemispheres play differential roles in shaping human behavior.
Aberrant chromatin remodeling influences human neural cell fate change in Trisomy 21 biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Correct neural progenitor cell (NPC) fate specification is essential to produce the full complement of neurons and glia needed for proper brain struct
Short-Term Developmental Trajectories of Dorsal-Ventral Pathways and Their Relationships with First-Grade Learning biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 The first year of formal schooling is a year of foundational reading and math learning, and individual differences emerging within this single year pr
Transcriptomic profiling of the human habenula reveals a shared molecular architecture across mood disorders biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 The habenula is a critical regulator of monoaminergic and reward circuitry and is increasingly implicated in the neurobiology of mood disorders.
Attenuated adaptive growth of interpersonal synchrony in autism biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 During social interactions, people continuously align their movements and rhythms, a process known as interpersonal synchrony that supports rapport, m
Spatiotemporal Decoding of Explore-Exploit Decisions in the Human Brain biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Adaptive behavior requires flexibly shifting between exploiting familiar rewards and exploring novel opportunities.
The ASD Risk Gene D5Ertd579e Regulates Synaptic Plasticity and Selective Autism-Related Behaviors biorxiv.org 2026-06-03 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition shaped by contributions from hundreds of genes, many of which remain po
Hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 is specifically suppressed by dextran sodium sulfate but does not influence colitis sensitivity biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 The delta-9 desaturase stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and is
A multimodal perturbation atlas defines the phenotypic resolution of cellular morphology. biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Because cells are complex dynamical systems, modeling cellular behaviors requires methods that capture how cells evolve across time, environments, and
The mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead flatworm Bipalium nobile and its phylogenetic implications biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 We sequenced the nearly complete mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead flatworm Bipalium nobile Kawakatsu and Makino, 1982 using short-read sequencin
Enhanced glymphatic CSF tracer influx during α2-adrenergic agonist anesthesia is independent of tracer injection duration biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 The glymphatic system mediates brain-wide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport and is highly sensitive to brain state.
Radiosensitization of Glioblastoma by the K-ras Inhibitor RMC-6236 biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by poor clinical outcomes and marked resistance to radiotherapy.
Resonance-driven enhancement of sleep spindles using thalamic temporal interference stimulation biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Sleep spindles are hallmarks of non-rapid eye movement sleep and support memory consolidation, yet remain difficult to modulate non-invasively.
Differential vulnerability of CA1 pyramidal neuron cell types in the 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mouse model biorxiv.org 2026-06-02 Selective neuronal vulnerability is a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease, yet how neurodegeneration unfolds across defined hippocampal CA1 pyrami