Inverse reinforcement learning reveals action-oriented value signals in naturalistic decision making biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 A major challenge for cognitive neuroscience is to explain how value of a goal-directed behavior is computed in complex and naturalistic environments.
Dynamic Modulation of Distractor Suppression by Tonic and Trial-Level Alertness Fluctuations: A Pupillometric Study biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Attentional control balances proactive suppression of predictable distractors with reactive suppression of unexpected ones.
Disruption of CaMKII biomolecular condensation induces attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like phenotypes biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 CaMKII is a multifunctional kinase essential for synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
A Draft Male Genome Assembly of the Slipper Lobster (Thenus australiensis) Reveals an XY System and a Validated Diagnostic Marker for Monosex Aquaculture. biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 The slipper lobster (Thenus australiensis) is rapidly emerging as a high-potential species for commercial aquaculture.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals chondrocyte state transitions and ECM remodeling in osteoarthritic knee cartilage biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Osteoarthritis cartilage has heterogeneous chondrocyte states, yet their transitions remain unresolved from public single-cell data.
Collinearity of Decomposed Energy Terms in MM-GBSA Binding Free Energy Calculations biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 The molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area method (MMGBSA) is one of the most commonly used end state approaches used for the calculation o
Let's Be Black Excellence: How Black Students Navigate Exclusionary and Affirming Racialized Peer Interactions in Active Learning College Science Classrooms biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Racial equity remains a critical challenge in postsecondary science education, as Black students experience higher attrition rates and diminished well
5-HT4 receptor ligand RS67333 modulates striatal acetylcholine and dopamine release via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Serotonin 5-HT4 receptors (5-HT4Rs) have emerged as potential therapeutic targets in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders by modulating ci
Revisiting the auditory hemodynamic response function in the era of fast fMRI biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Recent advances in fast fMRI now enable whole-brain imaging with a TR of [≤]1 s, which has helped to rekindle interest in characterizing the blood oxy
Signed-XOR Error and Sparse Coding in a Dale-Complaint Substrate for Sequence Memorization biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 How much machinery does a network need to memorize and recall discrete sequences when constrained to a biologically plausible substrate?
Partitioning away consciousness: an equal and cross-frequency connectivity analysis from the integration-segregation perspective biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Derived from previous observations on equal and cross-frequency coupling, we evaluated the proposal that equal and cross-frequency phase synchronizati
Functional export of NDM-7 to outer membrane vesicles in Klebsiella pneumoniae compromises imipenem and cefiderocol activity biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 The carbapenemases KPC and NDM are the most widespread determinants of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Effect of CSFV on Differential Genes of Histone Lactylation at H3K18 in the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious disease caused by Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), posing a serious threat to the global swine i
Context-dependent correlations mislead transcriptomic network inference in bulk and single-cell data biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Background. Correlation is the dominant input to co-expression module discovery and miRNA-target inference.
Mechanistic basis of EMRE's essential role in the regulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUcx) is a critical determinant of cellular metabolism, integrating Ca
Tirzepatide attenuates atherosclerosis through weight loss-independent anti-inflammatory mechanisms biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Background Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disorder with persistent residual inflammation even after standard lipid-lowering therap
Scalable ARG-free Detection of Denisovan-mediated Superarchaic Introgression Reveals Heterogeneous Patterns across Populations biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Ghost introgression from unsampled hominin lineages has emerged as an increasingly important component of human evolutionary history.
When Can Brain Connectivity Track the Working Mind? A Large-Scale Benchmark of Dynamic Functional Connectivity Across Cognitive Paradigms biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), the time-varying reconfiguration of brain network interactions, has become a widely adopted method for studying
Neuroticism is linked to cognitive decline and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease through dysregulation of excitatory neurons biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 INTRODUCTION: Neuroticism is an established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the molecular mechanisms linking this personality trait to n
The prefrontal cortex outputs to the amygdala facilitate threat-discrimination learning biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a significant role in modulating the threat response, particularly in ambiguous circumstances.
FABP8/PMP2 is a positive regulator of PNS myelination biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Myelin formation in peripheral nerves is orchestrated by axon-derived signals and the ability of Schwann cells to expand lipid-rich membrane.
Critical period plasticity enables credit assignment biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Synaptic plasticity is often guided by instructive inputs to neural circuits, but learning only succeeds when these instructions reach neurons that me
Dystrophic changes of nigrostriatal axons harboring a Synj1 Parkinson mutation suggest catastrophic failure of endocytic mechanisms biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Synaptojanin 1 is a brain enriched phosphoinositide phosphatase implicated in endocytosis at the synapse.
Global Nernstian astrocytic depolarization breaks down during local synaptic input biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Substantial progress in glial electrophysiology has revealed that astrocytes, which account for half of the cells in the human brain, exhibit membrane
Exosomal Profiling Reveals Mechanisms of Hibernation-Associated Neuroprotection biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that affects 4 million people in the US and is one of the leading causes of vision loss due to damage to the optic
Activity-dependent lipid droplet biogenesis and turnover regulate synaptic integrity biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Lipid droplets (LDs) are conserved organelles that buffer lipid storage and stress, yet their dynamics and functions in neurons remain largely unknown
Genomic Distortion of Jawed Vertebrate Phylogeny biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Reconstructing patterns of evolution requires understanding the interrelationships of species, yet evolutionary relationships that defy resolution and
Heatwaves rescue a mosquito host from parasitism across a large geographic gradient biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 The impacts of increasingly frequent and intense heatwaves on parasitism are an important frontier for understanding disease risk under climate change
The impact of phenological mismatch varies across woodland food-web interactions biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Climate warming is altering the timing of seasonal events across ecosystems, impacting the temporal synchrony of interactions among species (1, 2).
Lipid-Coated Water-in-Oil Droplets as a Passivation-Free Platform for Cost-Effective Fluorescence Spectroscopy biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) provides valuable information about molecular dynamics, however, experimental setup typically requires lab
Genetic Code Expansion for Site-Specific Encoding of a Switchable, Intrinsic Fluorophore-Quencher Pair to Monitor Protein Dynamics biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Precisely modifying proteins at multiple sites in their native, folded structures offers unique opportunities to answer molecular and cellular-level b
Selective knockout of PKA regulatory subunits reveal opposite catalytic and metabolic consequences with implications for Alzheimer's disease biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase A (PKA) is a master regulator of cell signaling involved in energy metabolism, synaptic plasticity, and stress response.
RNArefine: AI-guided Atomic-Level Refinement of RNA Structures biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Considerable progress has been made in AI-driven RNA structure prediction, but the resulting models often lack complete atomic details or suffer from
Liquid crystalline mesophase spacing as a quantitative predictor of release kinetics for co-loaded hydrophilic and hydrophobic payloads biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Liquid crystalline mesophases exhibit structurally programmable internal architectures that enable co-loading of chemically orthogonal molecules withi
Competition against the intestinal microbiota selects for pathoadaptive traits in ESBL E. coli biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 The intestinal tract is a reservoir for Extended-Spectrum {beta}-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli.
Color polymorphism in the saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnus: species or complex? biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Color polymorphism can facilitate local adaptation, maintain intraspecific diversity, or reflect early stages of speciation.
A winding road to coexistence: Interdependence of niche and fitness differences in E. coli with targeted resource uptake gene deletions biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Resource competition theory typically assumes static traits and continuous supply of resources.
Diverse root fungal endophytes mediate plant access to soil nutrients biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Plant roots are broadly colonized by endophytic fungi with saprotrophic capabilities, but our understanding of whether they function in ways that are
Molecular mechanism of IF1- and IF2-driven translation initiation in bacteria biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Bacterial translation initiation is a highly regulated process essential for accurate start codon selection and the assembly of an elongation-competen
Incorporating Surfaced-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry Data into an AlphaFold-derived deep learning network improves protein structure prediction biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Surface-Induced Dissociation native Mass Spectrometry (SID-nMS) is a tandem MS activation method that yields information on the connectivity and stoic
In Vivo Quantification of Histone Acetylation Turnover and Acetyl-CoA Sources Using 2H2O Metabolic Labeling and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Dysregulated histone acetylation links cellular metabolism to gene expression, but measuring its in vivo turnover remains technically challenging.
Visualizing immunoreceptor forces and their effects in vivo biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Immunoreceptors experience forces that modulate their activities; however, demonstrating this in vivo has been limited by technical challenges.
SLEEP CHANGES WHAT MEMORIES BECOME:DELAYED REACTIVATION REVEALS LATENT EFFECTS OF POST-LEARNING SLEEP biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Sleep is thought to promote memory consolidation through the offline reactivation and reorganization of newly acquired information.
Precision-Controlled Active Inference Accounts for Sensory Reweighting in Quiet Standing biorxiv.org 2026-06-29 Human quiet standing depends on the context-dependent reweighting of vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual information.
Glomerular Hyperfiltration, Charge Selectivity, and the Low-Dimensional Structure of Glomerular Transport biorxiv.org 2026-06-28 Background The relative contributions of molecular size, electrostatic charge, and filtration rate to glomerular transport remain controversial.
Rett syndrome lifespan extension in mice via AI-guided ADAR editing biorxiv.org 2026-06-28 Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder primarily caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene.
Lipid-mediated regulation of pneumolysin balances vascular injury and bacterial containment during pneumococcal infection biorxiv.org 2026-06-28 Severe infection with Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae is a leading cause of acute lung injury, multiorgan failure, and death despite appropriate antibio
Conservation rescued the Mauritius kestrel from extinction but not from genomic erosion biorxiv.org 2026-06-28 Conservation can prevent species extinction via demographic recovery, yet it remains debated whether this translates into genomic recovery and restore
A cryptic local genetic cluster in Northern France amid the European mosaic of flat oyster lineages revealed by integrating SNP array and whole-genome sequencing biorxiv.org 2026-06-28 The European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), like numerous other oyster species, has been exploited for millennia and cultivated and translocated for cen
Fiber-TEnCATS reveals haplotype-specific chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation at human L1HS loci biorxiv.org 2026-06-28 Human-specific long interspersed nuclear element-1 (L1HS) is an active and autonomous retrotransposon in the human genome.