Abstract

Purpose: To develop a data-driven technique, Scout-based Multi-Echo NAvigator (SMENA), for joint estimation of motion and B0 inhomogeneity ({delta}B0) at a temporal resolution of ~200 ms with minimal additional scan time for gradient-echo acquisition. Methods: SMENA consists of two key acquisition components: SMENA-scout and SMENA-nav. SMENA-scout is a rapid 3D 4-mm multi-echo acquisition completed in less than 8 seconds, providing images with matched contrast and phase at multiple echo times. SMENA-nav captures signal variations induced by motion and {delta}B0 during the scan using compact multi-echo navigator trajectories (3.5 ms) embedded within each TR. Motion and {delta}B0 maps were jointly estimated every ~200 ms through a model-based optimization framework relating SMENA-scout to SMENA-nav. The estimation accuracy and correction performance of SMENA were evaluated in simulations and in vivo using multi-echo GRE and GRE-EPTI acquisitions. Multiple prospective motion experiments, including large continuous movement and deep breathing, were investigated. Results: In both simulations and in vivo experiments, accurate motion and {delta}B0 estimation were achieved. Compared with motion-only estimation, joint estimation reduced rotation and translation errors. Joint motion and {delta}B0 correction resulted in substantial improvements in image quality, particularly at longer echo times, producing an NRMSE of 10.4% compared to 31.6% with motion-only correction. High-temporal-resolution tracking of motion and {delta}B0 enabled improved reconstruction quality in scenarios involving continuous motion and deep breathing. Conclusion: SMENA enables high-temporal-resolution joint estimation of motion and {delta}B0 with minimal additional acquisition cost, providing a practical solution for motion- and {delta}B0-robust MRI.