Abstract

Altered attention network activity has been consistently reported in recent neuroimaging literature of smartphone addiction and problematic smartphone use. However, many functional imaging studies have relied on traditional static functional connectivity analyses, which cannot capture time-varying or recurrent dynamics of attention networks. Given the importance of temporal and spatial dynamics for attentional processing, we applied two complementary dynamic functional connectivity approaches: functional connectivity-based attractor networks (fcANN), which characterize transitions between discrete attractor states related to internal-external context and action-perception dynamics, and cPCA-based quasi-periodic pattern (QPP) analysis, which captures phase relationships between cortical networks including the default mode network, dorsal attention network, and frontoparietal control network. In a resting-state fMRI dataset comparing participants with High and Low SAS-M scores (SAS-M: Smartphone addiction scale-Malay version questionnaire), we observed reduced DAN participation within subject-specific cPCA-derived QPP-like components, along with context-dependent differences in DMN-attention-network relationships across attractor states. The most consistent effects emerged during transitions between internal and external attractor states, where subjects with high smartphone addiction (SPA) scores showed greater DMN dominance relative to attention-related networks. Overall, these findings provide preliminary evidence that smartphone addiction may be associated with altered large-scale attentional dynamics at rest.